[179] In the story of Sina and the Eel, the origin of the coconut is related as the beautiful woman Sina burying an eel, which eventually became the first coconut. It forms the basis of wedding and worship rituals in Hinduism. Demand grew by 8 percent annually during 1993 to 2004. Malauhog (literally "mucus-like") refers to very young coconut meat (around 6 to 7 months old) which has a translucent appearance and a gooey texture that disintegrates easily. Coconut oil is also a main ingredient in Ayurvedic oils. Halved, drained coconuts can also be hung up as bird feeders, and after the flesh has gone, can be filled with fat in winter to attract tits. Coconut palms grow in the wet tropical and subtropical coastal Indian and Pacific ocean regions. Sri Lanka established its Coconut Development Authority and Coconut Cultivation Board and Coconut Research Institute in the early British Ceylon period.[109]. Coconut water is traditionally used as a growth supplement in plant tissue culture and micropropagation. Coconut timber comes from the trunk, and is increasingly being used as an ecologically sound substitute for endangered hardwoods. Stem Aerial, erect, unbranched and columnar, having prominent scars of leaf bases. Though safer and faster than the climbing method, its main disadvantage is that it does not allow workers to examine and clean the crown of coconuts for pests and diseases. [14][15], The interior of the endocarp is hollow and is lined with a thin brown seed coat around 0.2mm (164in) thick. Desiccated or shredded coconut is very popular in breakfast cereals and cookies as well. in history at New Mexico State University. Spraying with wettable sulfur 0.4% or with Neem-based pesticides can give some relief, but is cumbersome and labor-intensive. In particular, the area around Salalah maintains large coconut plantations similar to those found across the Arabian Sea in Kerala. They have a thick fibrous husk surrounding the single-seeded nut. The husks of the coconut are a source of coir, a fiber used in the production of brushes, matting, and other products. The shell, freed from the husk, and heated on warm ashes, exudes an oily material that is used to soothe dental pains in traditional medicine of Cambodia. It also plays a central role in the Coconut Religion of Vietnam. Coconut copra, used to make coconut oil, is prepared at the coconut farms, using very simple techniques and taken to large scale oil mills through a complex and speculative marketing system. Fresh husks contain more tannin than old husks. Composition and Uses: The following products of coconut are useful to human being. [161] It is used in horticulture in potting compost, especially in orchid mix. A coconut can be hollowed out and used as a home for a rodent or small birds. The meat of green coconuts is still developing, so they contain mostly water (2). Chan, Edward and Craig R. Elevitch. (April 2006). The coconut palm is one of the most beautiful and useful trees in the world, grown in more than 80 countries of the tropical. Although these numbers are modest, coconut is an important food crop in Sri Lanka in that it provides June 14, 2022; ushl assistant coach salary . Economic importance of coconut pdf. Coconut palms require warm conditions for successful growth, and are intolerant of cold weather. As of 2006, the U.S. annually imported 190 million pounds of coconut oil, whose worldwide trade reached $20 million. According to the Just Change Trust in India, over 500 million coconut palms are cultivated in tropical regions, where coconuts are the prime source of fats and protein for more than 400 million people. Coir Developments Much of coir production is done by small holders meaning production is scattered and at small volumes. Coconut water serves as a suspension for the endosperm of the coconut during its nuclear phase of development. Palm. What are 10 uses for a coconut? Economic Importance of Coconut | PDF - scribd.com The coir is used to make brooms in Cambodia.[158]. It might cause fullness or stomach upset in some people. It is further strengthened by other similar botanical evidence of contact, like the pre-colonial presence of sweet potato in Oceanian cultures. It is grown in tropical and subtropical regions, with the majority of global production occurring in Asia, followed by the Pacific and the Americas. After the first six to nine years, the coconut palm bears fruit, producing roughly 50 fruits per tree per year, up to 300. Thailand has been raising and training pig-tailed macaques to pick coconuts for around 400years. The evolutionary origin of the coconut is under dispute, with theories stating that it may have evolved in Asia, South America, or on Pacific islands. econom y of Sri Lanka. The original one is held each October in Greenwich. It contains acids like ascorbic acid (a form of vitamin C), nicotinic acid (Vitamin B3 and vitamin PP) and riboflavin (vitamin B2). As of 2006, the U.S. annually imported 190 million pounds of coconut oil, whose worldwide trade reached $20 million. Which Is Healthier Refined Or Unrefined Coconut Oil? Some cultivars are more drought resistant such as 'West coast tall' (India) while others such as 'Hainan Tall' (China) are more cold tolerant. [21][22], Unlike some other plants, the palm tree has neither a taproot nor root hairs, but has a fibrous root system. She earned her B.A. [85] Mechanical coconut climbing devices and even automated robots have also been recently developed in countries like India, Sri Lanka, and Malaysia. The export of spices generates foreign exchange earnings of Rs. THE COCONUT INDUSTRY REVOLUTIONISES - Guyana Chronicle In the Philippines, dried half shells are also used as a music instrument in a folk dance called maglalatik. Mature fruits have significantly less liquid than young, immature coconuts, barring spoilage. Neera has a low glycemic count at 35 compared to cane sugar or sugarcane juice that has a glycemic count of 80. [165], Researchers from the Melbourne Museum in Australia observed the octopus species Amphioctopus marginatus use tools, specifically coconut shells, for defense and shelter. Nor were there coconuts on the east side of the African coast until Vasco da Gama, nor in the Caribbean when first visited by Christopher Columbus. Some cultivars such as 'Fiji dwarf' form a large bulb at the lower stem and others are cultivated to produce very sweet coconut water with orange-colored husks (king coconut) used entirely in fruit stalls for drinking (Sri Lanka, India). The Makapuno (phenomenon) coconut is recognized to be due to the absence of two enzymes in the nut that are responsible in the degradation of the galactomannan in the solid endosperm so that it remains soft and this has become the characteristic of the nut. Oilseeds, overall. Importance of Coconut: The coconut palm is one of the most beautiful and useful trees in the world, grown in more than 80 countries of the tropical. A coconut (Sanskrit: narikela) is an essential element of rituals in Hindu tradition. Australian cities put much effort into de-fruiting decorative coconut trees to ensure that the mature coconuts do not fall and injure people. The fats in the coconut minimize the pores that attract dirt and bacteria and prevent skin from getting damaged. Its BRIX level is 16 [sugars] compared to 12 in sugarcane juice. The hard shells, fibrous husks and long pinnate leaves can be used as material to make a variety of products for furnishing and decoration. Such an origin indicates that the coconuts were not introduced naturally, such as by sea currents. It supplies food, drink and shelter and also supplies raw material to number of industries intimately connected with domestic as well as economic life. Frison, E.A. A young, well-maintained tree can produce around 300 litres (79 US gallons) of toddy per year, while a 40-year-old tree may yield around 400L (110USgal). Its development would . [27] [183] Another early mention of the coconut dates back to the "One Thousand and One Nights" story of Sinbad the Sailor wherein he bought and sold a coconut during his fifth voyage. In India, the woven coconut leaves are used to build wedding marquees, especially in the states of Kerala, Karnataka, and Tamil Nadu. Sweet coconut sap can be made into drinks or fermented into palm wine or coconut vinegar. In addition to the traditional products of copra, coconut oil and copra meal, coconut has the unique advantage of producing a wide variety of food and environment friendly non-food products which are used both domestically and for a global export market. In Thailand, the coconut husk is used as a potting medium to produce healthy forest tree saplings. Palm wine is distilled to produce arrack. They also include fossil fruits that have been tentatively identified as modern Cocos nucifera. The "branches" (leaf petioles) are strong and flexible enough to make a switch. PT. Coconut Oil May Help Treat Acne Because coconut oil and its components may help reduce inflammation in the body, it may also aid in the treatment of acne. [58] Coconuts also need high humidity (at least 7080%) for optimum growth, which is why they are rarely seen in areas with low humidity. If the juice does not taste fresh, throw the coconut away. Perianth Tepals 6 arranged in two whorls of three each, persistent and polyphyllous showing valvate aestivation in both the whorls. The liquid of the nut, known as coconut water, is used in beverages. Theyre mostly green until they fully mature. Based on these separate introductions, coconut populations can still be divided into Pacific coconuts and Indo-Atlantic coconuts, respectively. The nuts we had in baskets on deck remained edible and capable of germinating the whole way to Polynesia. Coconuts were first domesticated by the Austronesian peoples in Island Southeast Asia and were spread during the Neolithic via their seaborne migrations as far east as the Pacific Islands, and as far west as Madagascar and the Comoros. Indo-Atlantic coconuts, in contrast, all have the ancestral traits of tall habits and elongated triangular fruits. These are grown for recreational purposes or as an income generator. In addition to its use as a food, the coconut is also a source of oil, which is used in cooking and in the production of a range of products, including soaps, cosmetics, and candles. All of these introductions are within the last few centuries, relatively recent in comparison to the spread of Pacific coconuts.[49]. The production of coconuts plays an important role in the economy, with 25% of cultivated land (around 3.56 million hectares) used for coconut plantations and approximately 25 to 33% of the population reliant on coconuts for their livelihood. The coconut is also an important economic resource for the production of fiber and other materials. Economic Role Coconut palms yield roughly 20 percent of the market's oils and fats, Just Change Trust estimates. The Makapuno (phenomenon) coconut is recognized to be due to the absence of two enzymes in the nut that are responsible in the degradation of the galactomannan in the solid endosp World Economic Importance | SpringerLink This invertebrate builds armor from coconut halves", "Indonesia's veined octopus 'stilt walks' to collect coconut shells", "Coconut Fruit Of Lustre In Indian Culture", "How the Zulu coconut was saved from extinction", "Living Heritage Marcellin College Sina and the Eel", "The Fifth Voyage of Sindbad the Seaman The Arabian Nights The Thousand and One Nights Sir Richard Burton translator", Coconut revival new possibilities for the 'tree of life', https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Coconut&oldid=1136466340, Mean daily temperature above 1213C (5455F) every day of the year, Mean annual rainfall above 1,000mm (39in). Early Spanish explorers called it coco, meaning "monkey face." Wild coconuts are naturally restricted to coastal areas in sandy, saline soils. [7] A frayed piece of root can also be used as a toothbrush. Coconut oil and milk are ingredients in cooking, frying, soaps and cosmetics, and foods like margarine and popcorn. WHY COCONUT IS SO IMPORTANT - Cocoanesia What are the economic importance of coconut? - Answers The dried calyx is used as fuel in wood-fired stoves. The coconut tree is the official state tree of Kerala, India. India contribute about 50% coir production. [138] Coconut oil extracted from coconut milk or copra is also used for frying, cooking, and making margarine, among other uses.[134][139]. [102], Coconut milk, not to be confused with coconut water, is obtained by pressing the grated coconut meat, usually with hot water added which extracts the coconut oil, proteins, and aromatic compounds. Handwritten notes availableIf you find any doubt then you can ask me in the comment section below Please do like,share, comment the video and subscr. [171] Often it is decorated with bright metal foils and other symbols of auspiciousness. IMPORTANCE OF COCONUT Coconut is the environment friendly small-holder palm of the tropical environment Covering 12.28 million hectares in 90 countries with an annual production of 64.3 billion nuts Coconut provides USD$ 7.73 Billion per annum to global coconut small holders Especially immature coconuts (6 to 8 months from flowering) sold for coconut water and softer jelly-like coconut meat (known as "green coconuts", "young coconuts", or "water coconuts"), where the original coloration of the fruit is more aesthetically pleasing. (January 27, 1967). The various products of Coconut include tender Coconut water, copra, Coconut oil, raw The fresh kernel includes moisture 45% protein, 4%, fat 37%, minerals 4% and carbohydrates 10%. The meat may also be grated and mixed with water to make coconut milk, which is used in cooking and as a substitute for cows milk. Over the course of evolutionary time-scales the shifting atolls would have shortened the paths of colonization, meaning that any one coconut would not have to travel very far to find new land. Lately, civil wars and crop failures have driven up the EU Rotterdam coconut oil price, which has doubled during 2010-2011, nearing $2,000 per tonne, according to the UK Grocer. (2009). They can be sorted mainly into tall cultivars, dwarf cultivars, and hybrid cultivars (hybrids between talls and dwarfs). It also promotes scalp health by fighting against insect bite, lice and dandruff. Economic aspects of Coconut Lethal Yellowing in Jamaica [71] They have been found in the Caribbean and the Atlantic coasts of Africa and South America for less than 500 years (the Caribbean native inhabitants do not have a dialect term for them, but use the Portuguese name), but evidence of their presence on the Pacific coast of South America antedates Columbus's arrival in the Americas. Coconut oil, aside from being used in cooking as an ingredient and for frying, is used in soaps, cosmetics, hair oil, and massage oil. Several countries' economies are based on the coconut palm. [26][27] The vast majority of Cocos-like fossils have been recovered generally from only two regions in the world: New Zealand and west-central India. However, the locations of the admixture events are limited to Madagascar and coastal east Africa, and exclude the Seychelles. The process of husk extraction from the coir bypasses the retting process, using a custom-built coconut husk extractor designed by ASEANCanada Forest Tree Seed Centre in 1986. They provided a portable source of both food and water, allowing Austronesians to survive long sea voyages to colonize new islands as well as establish long-range trade routes. [132] Coconut milk can be diluted to create coconut milk beverages. The shells of the coconut can also be used to create charcoal, which has a variety of industrial and domestic uses. Leaves are also woven into small piuches that are filled with rice and cooked to make pus and ketupat.[162]. Some dried coconut is purely coconut, but others are manufactured with other ingredients, such as sugar, propylene glycol, salt, and sodium metabisulfite. Encyclopaedia Brittanica online. Coconut trees also are increasingly grown for decorative purposes along the coasts of the United Arab Emirates and Saudi Arabia with the help of irrigation. Coconuts were also later spread in historic times along the coasts of the Indian and Atlantic Oceans by South Asian, Arab, and European sailors. Hawaiians hollowed the trunk to form drums, containers, or small canoes. Since then, numerous other fossils of similar fruits were recovered throughout New Zealand from the Eocene, Oligocene, and possibly the Holocene. [127][128][129] Desiccated coconut are used in confections and desserts such as macaroons. He took the term from the Arabs, who called it jawz hind, translating to 'Indian nut'. [32], Further complicating measures to determine the evolutionary history of Cocos is the genetic diversity present within C. nucifera as well as its relatedness to other palms. Beneficial Effects of Virgin Coconut Oil on Lipid Parameters and in Vitro LDL Oxidation. Coconut milk contains 5% to 20% fat, while coconut cream contains around 20% to 50% fat. The haustorium absorbs the solid endosperm to nourish the seedling. Coconut cultivation spans about 402 649 ha which accounts for 21 per cent of agricultural lands in the country. ; Diekmann, M. [184], In March 1521, a description of the coconut was given by Antonio Pigafetta writing in Italian and using the words "cocho"/"cochi", as recorded in his journal after the first European crossing of the Pacific Ocean during the Magellan circumnavigation and meeting the inhabitants of what would become known as Guam and the Philippines. "Effects of coconut oil on testosterone-induced prostatic hyperplasia in Sprague-Dawley rats". The small cylindrical embryo is embedded in the solid endosperm directly below the functional pore of the endosperm. For example, the Polynesian and Melanesian term niu; Tagalog and Chamorro term niyog; and the Malay word nyiur or nyior. The queen palm was originally classified in the genus Cocos along with the coconut, but was later reclassified in Syagrus. Virgin coconut oil is predicted to experience high demand from consumers with higher health consciousness and as well as aging population. Studies have shown that coconut oil can help in significant reduction in belly fat. It takes around 6,000 full-grown coconuts to produce one tonne of copra. How useful is a coconut tree Write 5 sentences? Coconut oil is moisturizing and has been used for centuries as a hair tonic and skin care product. Self Magazine. The coconut palm is an important crop in many tropical countries, providing food products and raw materials for industries (Jones, 1991). It also promotes scalp health by fighting against insect bite, lice and dandruff. [158], The Zulu Social Aid and Pleasure Club of New Orleans traditionally throws hand-decorated coconuts, one of the most valuable Mardi Gras souvenirs, to parade revelers. Hemera Technologies/Photos.com/Getty Images. [114] CAPB may cause mild skin irritation,[114] but allergic reactions to CAPB are rare[115] and probably related to impurities rendered during the manufacturing process (which include amidoamine and dimethylaminopropylamine) rather than CAPB itself. Various other products made from thickened coconut milk with sugar and/or eggs like coconut jam and coconut custard are also widespread in Southeast Asia. Coconut flesh is either eaten raw or dried to form copra, the meat of the seed and the source for coconut oil. Wiki User. Coconut palms yield roughly 20 percent of the market's oils and fats, Just Change Trust estimates. It contributes 2 per cent to Sri Lankas GDP, 2.5 per cent to export earnings and 5 per cent to employment. Three countries were chosen from the nine as focus countries for implementation: Guyana, Jamaica and Dominican Republic. Grated coconut that is dehydrated by drying or baking is known as "desiccated coconut." She earned her B.A. [4], The niu vai form is the domesticated form dominant in the Pacific coconuts. Add an answer. The tender coconutis witnessing a surge in sales in the country. [118][119], Maturity is difficult to assess on an unopened coconut, and there is no technically proven method for determining maturity. Palm - Importance to humans | Britannica Based on linguistic evidence, the absence of words for coconut in the Taiwanese Austronesian languages makes it likely that the Austronesian coconut culture developed only after Austronesians started colonizing the Philippines. Economic Importance of Coconut Oil | Bizfluent Coconut oil, from the seed of the palm coconut, Cocos nucifera, is highly revered in Asia as the "Tree of Life" or as the fruit of the gods. Furthermore, the exports of coconut products serve as the nation's prime foreign exchange earner. Traditionally, dessert banana plants and local wild beach flora such as Scaevola taccada and Ipomoea pes-caprae were used as humidity-supplying green undergrowth for coconut trees, mixed with sea almond and sea hibiscus. The traditional coconut farming in these countries is an integral part of their life, culture and identity. Tannin produces negative effects on sapling growth. The ancient coconut groves of Dhofar were mentioned by the medieval Moroccan traveller Ibn Battuta in his writings, known as Al Rihla. This, together with their use of the South American sweet potato, suggests that Austronesian peoples may have sailed as far east as the Americas. The importance of coconut palmoil subsequently decreased due to competition from other vegetable oils, particularly palm oil from Elaeis guineensis. Hearts of palm are eaten in salads, sometimes called "millionaire's salad". The liquid of the nut, known as coconut water, is used in beverages. It is still the largest producer of coconut oil and copra, accounting for 64% of the global production. Coconut accounted for nearly 117 billion Indian rupees in the Indian economy in fiscal year 2020. According to epidemiological research published in 1981, a group of Polynesians for whom coconut represented 60% of the daily diet had no evidence of heart disease or hypercholesterolemia, despite the high lauric and myristic acid intake. The Coconut Palm (Cocos Nucifera L.) is referred as The Tree of Life due to its incredible value to man and the incredible number of products and by-products that can be created from it. The coconut is also an important economic resource for the production of fiber and other materials. The 2014 coral atoll origin hypothesis proposed that the coconut had dispersed in an island hopping fashion using the small, sometimes transient, coral atolls. and Koop Wind (Eds.). Besides, the stem is used for construction of houses and leaves are used for thatching, fencing and making baskets and broomsticks. This mite infests coconut plantations, and is devastating; it can destroy up to 90% of coconut production. [45] They are now almost ubiquitous between 26N and 26S except for the interiors of Africa and South America. Coconut oil is one of nine internationally traded vegetable oils and ranks eighth in global production. Predominantly, the Philippines, Indonesia, India, . Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations: Economic And Social Department: The Statistical Division. They eventually form the edible solid endosperm (the "coconut meat" or "coconut flesh") which hardens over time. The oil cakeis used to feed cattle.and poultry. Updates? Tempurung, as the shell is called in the Malay language, can be used as a soup bowl and if fixed with a handle a ladle. [33], Coconuts are susceptible to the phytoplasma disease, lethal yellowing. The fruit is adapted for ocean dispersal. These includes two specimens named "Cocos" palaeonucifera and "Cocos" binoriensis, both were dated by their authors to the MaastrichtianDanian of the early Tertiary (70 to 62 million years ago). The coconut oil is in great demand for edible purposes, for soap making toilet preparation. [37][38] In the West it was originally called nux indica, a name used by Marco Polo in 1280 while in Sumatra. Several countries' economies are based on the coconut palm. Bourke, R. Michael and Tracy Harwood (Eds.). Coconut is the environment friendly small-holder palm of the tropical environment, Covering 12.28 million hectares in 90 countries with an annual production of 64.3 billion nuts, Coconut provides USD$ 7.73 Billion per annum to global coconut small holders. [49][4][48][60], The coconut played a critical role in the migrations of the Austronesian peoples. Perera, Lalith, Suriya A.C.N. [82][78][83] Other manual methods to make climbing easier include using a system of pulleys and ropes; using pieces of vine, rope, or cloth tied to both hands or feet; using spikes attached to the feet or legs; or attaching coconut husks to the trunk with ropes. Although archaeological remains dating back to 1000 to 500BCE also suggest that the Indo-Atlantic coconuts were also later independently cultivated by the Dravidian peoples, only Pacific coconuts show clear signs of domestication traits like dwarf habits, self-pollination, and rounded fruits. These allow the fruits to be more buoyant and makes it easier for them to lodge into sandy shorelines, making their shape ideal for ocean dispersal. [125] These can be toasted or baked to make bacon-like fixings. Gatchalian et al 1994 developed a sonometry technique for precisely determining the stage of ripeness of young coconuts. The various parts of the coconut have a number of culinary uses. 2023 Leaf Group Ltd. / Leaf Group Media, All Rights Reserved. The length of the coconut tree is also considerable. Its versatility and value make it an important commodity that continues to play a vital role in the economic development of many countries around the world. Cocos nucifera is a large palm, growing up to 30 metres (100 feet) tall, with pinnate leaves 46m (1320ft) long, and pinnae 6090 centimetres (23ft) long; old leaves break away cleanly, leaving the trunk smooth. [4], Coconuts can also be broadly divided into two general types based on habit: the "Tall" (var. Spread coconut flakes thinly on a baking sheet and put them in the oven for around five or 10 minutes until they're golden brown. Economics of Coconut Oil; Just Change Trust; 2006; Bangalore, India. [78] Manually climbing trees is traditional in most countries and requires a specific posture that exerts pressure on the trunk with the feet. The leaves are used for thatching houses, or for decorating climbing frames and meeting rooms in Cambodia, where the plant is known as d:ng.[158]. [26][27] In Colombia, a single Cocos-like fruit was recovered from the middle to late Paleocene Cerrejn Formation. It enables toxins to be removed easily from harmful substances. However, several states like Assam, Gujarat, Madhya Pradesh, Bihar, Tripura, Manipur, Nagaland and Arunachal Pradesh have emerged as non-traditional areas for the cultivation of coconut. The immature seeds are infested and desapped by larvae staying in the portion covered by the perianth of the immature seed; the seeds then drop off or survive deformed. The endocarp is around .mw-parser-output .frac{white-space:nowrap}.mw-parser-output .frac .num,.mw-parser-output .frac .den{font-size:80%;line-height:0;vertical-align:super}.mw-parser-output .frac .den{vertical-align:sub}.mw-parser-output .sr-only{border:0;clip:rect(0,0,0,0);height:1px;margin:-1px;overflow:hidden;padding:0;position:absolute;width:1px}4 millimetres (18 inch) thick and has three distinctive germination pores (micropyles) on the distal end. The terms are derived from the Samoan language and was adopted into scientific usage by Harries (1978). Other types of large trees produce a single downward-growing tap root with a number of feeder roots growing from it. On many islands, coconut is a staple in the diet. (1993). The terminology is derived from the Tagalog language. The global virgin coconut oil market captured significant revenue in 2016 and is expected to expand at a CAGR of around 11% over the forecast period. During germination, the embryo pushes out of the functional pore and forms a haustorium (the coconut sprout) inside the central cavity.
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