Ours are clean-burning and I know people with allergies and birds that burn them with no problem. Similarly, scented gel beads and plug-in fragrance diffusers can fill a small room in a short amount of time but with a continuous fragrance. This brand can be purchased at Walmart stores across the country. Historians are divided in opinion as to whether they should designate him a knave or a madman. Consistent with CDC recommendations, consumers should immediately stop using the recalled aromatherapy room spray, double bag the bottle in clean, clear zip-top resealable bags, place it in a small cardboard box and return it to any Walmart store for a full refund. In all things, avoiding the fossil fuel industry when you can makes sense for living a green life. So how do you harness the strong emotional power of scent? The arms or legs on the figurines can detach, posing a small part choking hazard to children. And I was wondering about my headaches and teary eyes whenever candles were burned Especially red ones. Make sure to look for 100% beeswax, as some companies will use only a portion of beeswax mixed with regular paraffin, and then label them as beeswax candles. The paraffin wafers also evaporate into the air you breathe. No way to call Better Homes & Gardens. and click on "Product Recalls" for more information. Soy is a really hard wax to work with. For safety, we recommend only making candles in sturdy glass containers. Rachael Thank you!! In all things, avoiding the fossil fuel industry when you can makes sense for living a green life. A proper burning candle cannot be made with this wax but it is about 1/25th the price of refined wax. Do you know if there are candles that are completely soy free? No candle lists the ingredients. Worked at a craft store for 10 yrs so you can only imagine. The "Teakwood & Tobacco" scent features notes of leather, teak, and orange, and as one reviewer writes, "the blend provides a rich, warm, and comforting addition to our home." THANK YOU! Weve actually been using homemade thieves oil spray this week b/c we STILL cant seem to kick this bug out of our house.and I think it smells lovely! I wasnt aware that it doesnt affect our health by simpy burning it, but I totally agree with NOT supporting soy production. Better Homes & Gardens was founded and first published in 1922. :o). Jar Candle, Better Homes & Gardens Farm Apple Pumpkin Scented Single Wick 22 oz. You can order them from http://www.abundanthealth4u.com/. Thats simply not true about the perfume and the chemicals, no more than scents in any of the 100% soy or beeswax. Emily VanSchmus Step 4: Attach the Wick and Pour Wax Before you pour the candle, you'll need to attach the wick to the bottom of the vessel. Perfume was put in the melt pool to try to mask the smell. The zipper can detach from the sleep sack, posing a choking hazard. When handling the product or cleaning contaminated surfaces, please follow the CDC guidance below. CDC has been investigating a cluster of four cases of melioidosis in the U.S., including two deaths. Thanks for telling me! Brand Artist Unknown Color Red Item Weight 37 Ounces Scent Musk, Lemon, Orange Specific Uses Scented The product was made in India. For us we keep clean hives and can only hope the bees are visiting clean flowers. I stopped burning candles a long time ago because I developed a sensitivity to fragrances as I got older. Great post! The personal character and career of one man are so intimately connected with the great scheme of the years 1719 and 1720, that a history of the Mississippi madness can have no fitter introduction than a sketch of the life of its great author John Law. I just recently found out about how toxic candles are when I was contacted by a NATURAL indie candle brand, KISS ME CANDLES to review her product . That does not mean they are completely safesome can be poisonous when absorbed through the skin or if aspirated. She was an associated editor for The Beacon Newspapers, and then worked as an editor for Mid-Atlantic Media. They areabsolutelypure and burn clean. The soot/fumes are similar to that released from a diesel engine and can be as dangerous as second-hand cigarette smoke. I just had my A/C check up and was just told the devastating news about scented candles and why there is black on my A/C vents with shades of gray around the ceiling. in six different scents due to the presence in two bottles of a rare and dangerous bacteria and risk of serious injury and death. We rarely burn candles because I am very paranoid about open flames and forgetting one is lit. The palm oil industry is directly linked to the DEFORESTATION of Indonesia. Non-toxic living does NOT mean boring, un-enjoyable, avoid-everything-pleasant living, so hang with me a little while longer, wont you, friend? Although I still find beeswax candles pricey enough that I buy and use them infrequently, they are definitely my top choice for a healthy candle option. So, I guess we should make it organic beeswax candles instead? Decorative ceramic candle - 8 oz of wax on each side. When your candle has completely set, you'll need to trim the wick. I usually just use it when Im expecting company. I dont burn candles often, but I still would like them to burn cleanly especially with two people with allergies. Avoid aromatherapy candles made of paraffin or gel, both petroleum byproducts. 16 oz candle features 2 complimentary scents that blend well together. How is that safe for asthma sufferers, or anyone else on the planet? I MEAN, IF IT SMELLS GOOD, AND IS GOOD FOR YOU AND THE ENVIRONMENT HEY THATS GREAT! MY FAVORITE CANDLES ARE One option that beeswax allows is the ability to easily make your own. I think beeswax candles would be the way to go for a while. So sad that we have made it so hard to find any clean products, even things we presume are so simple! As for scents, buy essential oils and ad to your olive oil. Thanks so much for this article. Instead I love to simmer natural ingredients on the stove. Just a few drops of essential oil in it plus the heat of the lamp makes the room smell very nice. and place in a small cardboard box. cause melioidosis, a condition that is difficult to diagnose and can be fatal. These candles must be pulled at once! This allows CDC to confirm the spray or one of its ingredients caused the four melioidosis infections. Bees are very social creatures and visit all kinds of field and flowersthe sprayed and not sprayed. I use highly refined certified food grade paraffin in my candles. I love the scent of my candles, but I can only imagine what these candles are doing for the rest of my home but more importantly my Lungs!! Depending on where it goes it will bring the pollen as well as the other stuff back back to the hive where it will all become part of the honey and wax. I doubt anything wil. Soy, olive oil and other types of candles are the way to go. Along with helping you live green, for over 40 years, Green America has been working forsafe food, a healthyclimate,fair labor, responsiblefinance, andsocial justice. Now I definitely will not be using beeswax either. Sadly, even manufacturers like myself who were making a non toxic product were devastated. Natures Sunshine has a line of essential oils that are very high quality as well. BetterHomes&Gardens Better Homes and Gardens 18oz Scented Candle, Warm Leathered Amber 2-Pack, 18oz (501g) x 2 [excluding glass jar weight] (81973) 5.0 (4) Save 16% $5375 ($26.88/Count)$63.75 Lowest price in 30 days FREE delivery More Buying Choices $53.74 (10 new offers) Best Seller I cant say enough good things about them. The childrens nightgowns fail to meet the federal flammability standards for childrens sleepwear, posing a risk of burn injuries to children. Few things illustrate this better than access to healthy food. It is heated again and strained. Fragrance oils soften the wax, so the manufacturers used lead to make the wicks stand firm. Many people are sensitive to synthetic scentsif thats you, either skip candles altogether or go with unscented or naturally good-smelling, like beeswax, candles. Ive learned so much from you, its just a blessing to me! The other candle I considered said 100% soy wax but didnt comment about the fragrance they used. In fact, the wax is produced by food grade petroleum, and if it were to be consumed it would be completely safe. The school system finally bought me an air filter for my room and moved my classroom to the other end of the building. They dont post their ingredients. Thanks so much for posting this on your blog. 4330 East-West Highway Bethesda, MD 20814, Contact Us: 800-638-2772 (TTY 800-638-8270) More often synthetic scents are used. I would advise sticking to natural scents like cinnamon etc. If you're using a wide container, you can also balance two chopsticks over the top of your container to hold the wick in place. Clark Associates Recalls Lancaster Table & Seating Brand High Chairs Due to Fall Hazard, Kids Preferred Recalls My First Disney-Character Figurines Due to Choking Hazard, Betsy & Lace Recalls Childrens Nightgowns Due to Violation of Federal Flammability Standard and Burn Hazard, Hatley USA Recalls Childrens Pajamas Due to Violation of Federal Flammability Standards and Burn Hazard and Childrens Headbands Due to Violation of Federal Lead Content Ban, Childrens Nightgowns Recalled Due to Violation of Federal Flammability Standards and Burn Hazard; Imported by The Oaks Apparel Company, WeeSprout Recalls Baby Sleep Sacks Due to Choking Hazard (Recall Alert), Walmart Recalls Better Homes and Gardens Essential Oil Infused Aromatherapy Room Spray with Gemstones Due to Rare and Dangerous Bacteria; Bacteria Identified in this Outbreak Linked to Two Deaths, The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) has confirmed that bacteria in a recalled aromatherapy room spray in a Georgia melioidosis patients home genetically matches the bacterial strains in the patient, and three other patients in Kansas, Minnesota, and Texas. Minimize handling of the product andwash hands thoroughly after handling the bottle or linens. Better Homes & Gardens 16oz Amber & Saffron Scented 3-Wick Dish Candle 23 Save with 2-day shipping $9.94 Better Homes & Gardens 22oz Crisp Fall Leaves Scented Single-Wick Jar Candle 3 Save with 3+ day shipping $8.97 Better Homes & Gardens Crisp Fall Leaves Scented Single Wick 22 oz. Please pay attention to the real issues in life, not non-issues like this. Moderation only matters when you arent killing people. Why, the very computer you used to write this article is emitting harmful rays isnt it? Beeswax candles are definitely the way to go for a natural clean smelling and burning candle, though you need to be careful of ones that are infused with essential oils, its not always as pure as it seems. Once the wax is completely melted, add 10-20 drops of essential oils to the mixture. Please visit www.cpsc.gov/commissioners to search for statements related to this or other topics. I have 5 warmers throughout my home and they have never ever left any kind of residue. Make inquiries and returns to Walmart. , Thankyou for this,youve inspired me to try and free my house frm toxins. Any suggestions on a different company that has really good scented candles.? $17. Better Homes and Gardens 18oz Scented Candle, Red Lava Citrus 2-Pack Always burn within sight and extinguish before leaving room, don't burn near things that catch, and keep away from children and pets. Unfortunately, IKEA candles are made with PALM OIL. Paraffin is the major ingredient in most conventional candles and is a sludge waste product from the petroleum industry. I am both a scientist and a skeptic. My mother-in-law gave me a couple, and I absolutely LOVE them! When a bee forages it uses its hind legs, which are sticky, to pick up pollen. One often-cited 2014 study concluded that under normal conditions of use, scented candles do not pose known health risks to the consumer, and even that carcinogenic chemicals that were released by burning the candles, including benzene and formaldehyde, were still less than half the recommended limits set by the World Health Organization. Better Homes and Gardens scented candles provide you with high quality, best value candles for fragrance and home decor. And I LOVED candles. Click Ok if you wish to continue to the website; otherwise, click Cancel to return to our site. Theres nothing like the gentle flicker of a candle flame, and a warm, sweet scent filling your home to evoke feelings of peace and wellness. These chemicals make it both toxic and dangerous. This is not surprising. You can purchase all the candle-making materials separately, but I found it was most economical to buy a candle-making kit that includes all the wax, wicks, and wick-centering devices (more on these later!) I did try to roast a marshmallow over a scented candle in my youth not only did the marshmallow emerge green (the color of the candle), but it tasted absolutely vile! Almost all soy in North America is genetically-modified, either on purpose or because it has become contaminated by nearby farms that are using GMO seed. Kate. Seriously, the toxic compounds created by a candle are miniscule, and it is ALL about the dose. Petroleum is not natural. Theres a lot of people out there who dont knowor carehow toxic perfumes and air freshners are. Home Office: When it's time to be productive, you'll want a fragrance that can improve alertness. . Paraffin: Because the flakes melt down so much, you'll need two containers' worth of flakes for each candle. We will post it in English when we have the results. The aromatherapy room spray was sold at about 55 Walmart stores nationwide and online at walmart.com from February 2021 through October 2021 for about $4. I threw out all my candles a few months ago for these reasons. BH&G wax melts are a great buy. I have heard people talk about how great soy candles are but never knew why. Let me just say that I had WAY too much. I have a bunch of fake battery operated candles that actually look pretty nice. Bedroom: Delicate floral fragrances like lavender are ideal for the bedroom because they are soothing and calming, says Genson. I assumed that since they were from bees, it was natural and safe. better homes and gardens candles ingredients. I poor the melted wax back into the original container when I turn my burner off as this seems to insure the scent remains strong. I didnt use beeswax simply because it was too expensive for me to buy. Free shipping. 84140411425 Better Homes and Gardens Essential Oil Infused Aromatherapy Room Spray with Gemstones Sandalwood and Vanilla Walmart has stopped sale of the product. If so, you've experienced the power of scent. Walmart | Better Homes and Gardens | Candle warmer Rolle Reviews 1.35K subscribers Subscribe 1.7K views 3 years ago FLORIDA This is my review on the New Edition of The Better Homes and. If it leaves a gray mark, like a pencil, the wick contains a lead core. As always, thank you for the great articles! http://www.naturessunshine.com/us/product/pine-needle-5-ml/sku-3911.aspx Wax melts and warmers offer a wick-free alternative to candles. I would never use them if that was the case. Unfortunately beeswax is filled with toxic chemicals. I know several people (myself included) who have had bad reactions from Scentsy products, ranging from headaches to asthma. Hi Stephanie, Does that mean they are safe? When Ive gone to fairs and such and spoken to people about our candles, Ive heard horror stories about soot and such. Thats something else Im considering but I guess that would have toxins in it too considering how crops are grown. Plant-based waxes burn at a lower temperature, meaning they will last longer and come from renewable sources. I am a consultant with Scentsy. 8 Ways to Decorate with This Favorite Neutral Color. They are completely safe to be on 24/7 theres no flame, soot, chemicals, or lead. I gave away or donated my whole candle collection. 9. r/candlemaking. http://www.candles.org/about_faq.html I believe some candles are toxic but I thought candles.org would know better. Those are far far more harmful. For a stimulating scent, Pinrose's Erika Shumate suggests bergamot and other citruses. They can also sometimes be found with essential oils for added scent, although they are just lovely au naturel. Better homes & garden candle. I hear that sigh, and have sighed myself many times. Thank you for this informative article. If its more about the scents than it is about burning candles for you, there are plenty of other ways to safely enjoy natural fragrances: I have to say that when I was ridding my house of all the junk, it never once occurred to me that candles were junk. Wow. One of the reasons that the bees are dying is due to all the spraying of chems into the hive to kill mites. http://essentialoilworld.com/essentialoilreviews/pet-health/essential-oil-safety-with-cats. It is made up of 80 aromatic chemicals. These candles feature two fragrances that blend well together and complement each other when burning. With Scentsy, there is no flame, no smoke, no soot and no lead. Anything in moderation is fine, right? Once the wax is completely melted, add 10-20 drops of essential oils to the mixture. Though I havent tried it, you can also buy soy wax and make your own gorgeous soy and beeswax jar candles. . I have nothing but Bath and Body Works candles. Im pregnant and candles have been part of my evening relaxation rituals. Ive cut out almost all of them, except for a few tapers that we like to use when were feeling fancy at dinner time. I cant get the smell of it out of my apartment. (AND its non-toxic!!). Almost two billion people worldwide partake in the culinary delight of bugs. The orangutan is one of the animals that is being slautered. Descubr lo que tu empresa podra llegar a alcanzar. They have one called Pine Needle and it would be a good choice I think! These people that simply dismiss this notion are the same people who will scream bloody murder if someone lights up a cigarette next to them, but molten petroleum and fake scents are A OK in their book. The product was made in India. If you have already burned a candle you suspect might have a lead wick, toss it out. I am heartbroken as I LOVE candles, but my (our) health is much more important and as a newly-diagnosed asthmatic, I appreciate the honesty. we like the ones by way out wax, only essential oils are used for scent. the 800# is strictly for walmart. Results follow in April (maybe May). There's something "very elemental, analog, and balanced" about the ritual of lighting a match and burning a stick of incense, says Suji Meswani, co-founder of Skeem Design. It will take several hours for the wax to completely harden again, so I let my candles sit overnight. Olive Oil Lamps from Lehmans.com are perfect solutions to having a clean bright flame. That study was peer-reviewed, but it was carried out by scientists who had affiliations with candle manufacturers, including SCI Johnson & Son, and Procter & Gamble. I've gone through dozens of scented candles while working from home during the pandemic. Return the bagged and boxed product to a Walmart store. As a writer, she has worked with branding campaigns, non-profits, and lifestyle publications. I dont trust Scentsy and I cant stand their smells. I love burning candles-it is so relaxing! The two additional methyl groups make it much less reactive than benzene. I live in a old home with a fireplace so it smells old n stuff at times. My downstairs neigbors use Scentsy and the stench is so strong that it seeps into my apartment. The scented candle was born when candles were made from beef tallow which smelled like burning grease when it burned. they are a health hazard. Some synthetic scents have as many as 1200. Better Homes and Gardens candles wick: rated 5 out of 5 on MakeupAlley. When placed over a flameless heat source, fragrant cubes or pods of wax dissolve, releasing scent into the air. Better Homes & Gardens. There are no ingredients listed so I emailed the company today asking. She has over 15 years of experience working as a content creator. Ive noticed that with continuous use of these candles the filter has become very black and Sooty over a short period of time. "Smells send direct messages from the olfactory bulb to the emotion and memory parts of the brain," she explains. Exposure to high amounts of lead has been linked to hormone disruption, behavioral problems, learning disabilities, and numerous health problems. PartyLite is a candle company that pushes safety. There have even been incidents where the whole candle catches fire and becomes almost impossible to extinguish, much like a grease fire on the stove. Get a clue people. It is so pure it does not even have a wax odor. Lead is toxic if ingested by young children and can cause adverse health issues. Unfortunately, that seemingly harmless candle could be filling the air in your home with harmful pollution and supporting the fossil fuels industry. The bacteria. In fact pure paraffin candles are the least toxic candles of all. Scentsy is perfectly safe they use the same wax that is put on fruits like apples and since there is nothing actually burning you loose the carbon monoxide and other toxins that normal candles put in the air. I frequently buy their candles when they are on sale, they are affordable and make great gifts. Candle Co. are handmade in the U.S. using 100% natural soy wax and fragrance oils. The toxins then get stored into the wax and sometimes the honey. Feel free to contact me with questions. Kitchen: For your kitchen, Capri Blue's Stacy Brown recommends scents you would normally associate with cooking and baking, such as herbs, fruits, citrus, and sweets. When you visit the site, Dotdash Meredith and its partners may store or retrieve information on your browser, mostly in the form of cookies. http://www.yllifestyle.com my email is on the site Worldwide available. It releases carcinogenic chemicals when burned. I always thought it was the fragrance infused in them more than anything. I stopped using regular candles as a safety precaution for my kids, regarding the flame. We had been using essentials oils with a diffuser to scent our home but have stopped since someone pointed out that they can be toxic to our family cat. I would itch all over. As one of the only candle manufactures (as far as I know) we actually tested our natural soy candle at Eurofins Product Testing in Denmark (we are located in Denmark). 5 Better Homes and Gardens Candles 1. I need to be more careful about the candles I buy. THANK YOU SO MUCH FOR THIS WONDERFUL INFO. My eyes would become blood shot, my neck, hands, feet would break out in hives, my ears would plug up and my sinuses would become very congested whenever I would come in contact with the candles, sprays or plug-ins. The deforestation is spreading at an incredible speed, killing plants and wildlife. Do you know if they are safe? And with a $40 purchase you can be a member and get the member pricing. Buy on Amazon: 2: Better Homes and Gardens 12oz 9.40. (That way, the wick will be in the very center of the candle once the wax hardens.) Unlike their plug-in counterparts, reed diffusers do not require an electrical outlet; however, they do take a bit of experimentation to emit the ideal amount of fragrance. Also we tested our soy candle up against a paraffin candle in a sophisticated particle scanner and found our candle to have 10x fewer particles. Ive found that you can get beeswax candles through the co-op we use (Azure Standard) and they really arent terribly expensive that way. Last year I bought some of the Better Homes and Gardens candles and LOVED the scents. The recalled childrens pajamas fail to meet the federal flammability standards for childrens sleepwear, posing a risk of burn injuries to children; and the childrens headbands contain levels of lead that exceed the federal lead content ban. For example, beeswax candles and soy candles are safer, greener options. Strangely, the makers of the toxic candles are still alive and well and selling their junk for really cheap prices. Pure beeswax is pure white and has no odor. Whats Up With That? PJ Feinstein is a publicist with freelance writing and editing experience. If you do have a candle from before 2003 in your home, you can still test for a lead wick by rubbing the tip of the wick of an un-burnt candle on a piece of paper. They actually look really nice and flicker somewhat realistically. A friend sent me to this site and Im kind of saddened by what Ive read. Because being greener is a selling point for many customers, it will usually be labeledsoy, vegetable, coconut are common labels youll see. Now I attempt to do a scent free household and feel better because of it!! They also have the melts. Served with a salad and a sauce that acts as a marinade and a dressing, this delicious dish is . Well.might as well live in bubble then lady, because in TODAYS world EVERYTHING is bad for health. Listed on Feb 12, 2023 I am allergic to soy. As a Mom, not a consultant, I do feel good using the Scentsy warmers/wax because I know that the chemicals are not burning in the air, so the soot and lead dangers are not present. Higher-end candles from reputable stores. 2023 Keeper of the Home Journey Theme by Restored 316, as dangerous as second-hand cigarette smoke, I dont recommend soy for most eating purposes, make your own gorgeous soy and beeswax jar candles. There seems to be a great deal of misinformation on the net about this subject. Call CPSCs Hotline at 800-638-2772 (TTY 301-595-7054). Beeswax is a combination of esters. But large scented candles can be expensive. Check them out plus all her other wonderful non-toxic products. Deaths, injuries, and property damage from consumer product-related incidents cost the nation more than $1 trillion annually. For me I ditches the candles and I use Scentsy. They have a slight vanilla scent when you smell them up close, but not enough to really offgas into the air. Pay no attention to the cat. For the Mom Who Does it All (Except Take Care of Herself), Resources and Links for Natural Home Remedies and Illness Prevention, http://essentialoilworld.com/essentialoilreviews/pet-health/essential-oil-safety-with-cats, http://www.naturessunshine.com/us/product/pine-needle-5-ml/sku-3911.aspx, http://www.jlongnh.scent-team.com/company/whymiabella.php, http://www.change.org/petitions/paraffin-based-wax-and-candle-makers-list-ingredients-advise-of-health-effects?share_id=bISNarUQuO&utm_campaign=petition_creator_email&utm_medium=email&utm_source=share_petition, http://www.amazon.com/Water-Candles-Romantic-Floating-Invisible/dp/B001OFC6AM/ref=sr_1_1?s=home-garden&ie=UTF8&qid=1362187143&sr=1-1, Imported candles (stick with ones that are made in North America), Any candle that appears to have a metal-core wick (learn, Scented candles (unless they are naturally scented- more on this below). With the same intensity, certain scents can give you more energy or calm you down.". Its in/on food-figures! for 5 minutes, until very aromatic and beginning to stick to pan base. Oct 19, 2015. Burning Oil, Now Inside Your Home Avoid aromatherapy candles made of paraffin or gel, both petroleum byproducts. That was untill the matancie man was changing our filters and asked I burned candels. The soy candles from P.F. Better Homes Gardens 17oz Scented 7.90. Do you know anything about using foods to scent home made candles? The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) tested a version of the product and determined that it contained the dangerous bacteria Burkholderia pseudomallei which causes melioidosis. Another alternative, though more rare and expensive are bayberry wax candles. They burn so much nicer than other candles. Stick on wallpaper sheets for $1.25/each. Suitable for indoor and outdoor use. Jar Candle, Better Homes & Gardens French Country Vanilla 12oz Scented 2-wick Candle, Better Homes & Gardens Fresh Cut Frasier 18oz Scented 2-wick Candle, Better Homes & Gardens 16oz Salted Coconut & Mahogany Scented 2-Wick Stoneware Candle, Better Homes & Gardens 16oz Soft Cashmere & Amber Scented 2-Wick Stoneware Candle. To cut back on my spending without giving up my candle habit, I decided to try making my own at home from natural wax and essential oilsand I was amazed at how easy it was. Sometimes I want to stop bringing these bits of information to the surface, to take a break from being such a party pooper all the time. Does the smell of peppermint instantly pep you up? Now I have kids and Im be afraid to burn even natural candles. Cases were reported in Kansas, Minnesota, Texas and Georgia, including a child fatality. I HAVE THEM ALL COVERED/BOXED. Ships from Idaho Falls, ID. Join us on facebook (ByRansborg) for more info. The point of my post is to say that not all paraffin candles are toxic. They also burn clean, with no harmful fumes, and have very long burn times as well. My stained glass candle holder is stunningly beautiful lit up from within with a floating candle! From August, 2011 to January, 2012, I was miserable. Im shocked. I love this post. Lavenderis particularly relaxing.
Why Did Peter The Great Visit Europe?,
Where In Miner Hall Was Aka Founded,
Job Simulator Age Rating,
Articles B