land resources - natural resources in the form of land. [48] As a result, the climate favors recreation and tourism. [54], In 2016 Crimea had Nominal GDP of US$7 billion and US$3,000 per capita.[55]. Gazprom is Russia's largest company and, as of 2019, was the world's largest publicly-owned natural gas firm. Despite its devastation, the Crimean War was noteworthy for several advances: Florence Nightingale and Russian surgeons introduced modern methods of nursing and battlefield care that are still in use today; the Russians soon abolished their medieval system of serfdom (in which peasants were bound to serve landowners, even as soldiers); and the use of photography and the telegraph gave the war a distinctly modern cast. On this Wikipedia the language links are at the top of the page across from the article title. Natural reserves of Crimea are six objects on the territory of which plants, animals, landscapes and ecosystems are carefully preserved. In 1944, Crimean Tatars were ethnically cleansed and deported under the orders of Joseph Stalin, in what has been described as a cultural genocide. The Dobra and Donetsk mines were up for grabs and there has been cut-throat competition between Chinese Chengxin Lithium and Australia-listed European Lithium, and both the companies want a foothold in the European lithium industry. [77][78] By 1969 it had an area of 3.2km2 (1.2sqmi), and consisted of 150 buildings. Primarily Muslim, the Tatars of Crimea were instrumental in making the peninsula one of the centers of Islamic culture. Both Russia and the West see Ukraine as a prospective buffer against each other. Behind it is the Syvash or "Putrid Sea", a system of lakes and marshes which in the far north extend west to the Perekop Isthmus. "The Crimea! [48] Because of its climate and subsidized travel-packages from Russian state-run companies, the southern coast has remained a popular resort for Russian tourists. [56] The number of tourist arrivals reached a record in 2012 at 6.1million. All are natural resources that play critical roles in the clean energy technology essential to the shift away from fossil fuels that scientists say is necessary to ward off the worst consequences . [93], According to the 2001 census, 77% of Crimean inhabitants named Russian as their native language; 11.4% Crimean Tatar; and 10.1% Ukrainian. On the south side is the large Donuzlav Bay and the port and ancient Greek settlement of Yevpatoria/Kerkinitis/Gzleve. Ukraine was the fifth largest exporter of iron ore in the world in 2019 and in the same year, iron ore was the third most-exported product in the country. The most famous is Yalta, whose territory has been permanently withdrawn from economic exploitation. He is the author of Russian Nationalism and the Russian-Ukrainian War (Routledge 2022) and joint editor of Ukraine's Outpost. [52], The nearby Dnieper River is a major waterway and transportation route that crosses the European continent from north to south and ultimately links the Black Sea with the Baltic Sea, of strategic importance since the historical trade route from the Varangians to the Greeks. [citation needed] The Mir payment system operated by the Central Bank of Russia operates in Crimea as well as Master Card and Visa. [90], As of 2014[update], the total population of the Republic of Crimea and Sevastopol was 2,248,400 people (Republic of Crimea: 1,889,485, Sevastopol: 395,000). [48] The Southern Coast is shielded from cold air masses coming from the north and, as a result, has milder winters. The peninsula also has many deposits of bromine and potassium salt. The most visited areas are the south shore of Crimea with cities of Yalta and Alushta, the western shore Yevpatoria and Saky, and the south-eastern shore Feodosia and Sudak. In the event of economic sanctions, the supply chain for titanium could be affected, and furthermore, the ability to produce aircraft could be hampered. [48] For every 100m (330ft) increase in altitude, temperatures decrease by 0.65C (1.17F) while precipitation increases. Photo: AxeL M, CC BY-SA 4.0. Simferopol/Ak-Mechet, the modern capital. Ukraine has large natural resources, with precisely five per cent of the earth's natural and mineral resources. [44] The North Crimea Canal, which transports water from the Dnieper, is the largest of the man-made irrigation channels on the peninsula. Crimea[a] (/krami/ (listen) kry-MEE-) is a peninsula in Ukraine, on the northern coast of the Black Sea, that has been occupied by Russia since 2014. The longest river of Crimea is the Salhyr at 204km (127mi). Original article on Live Science. In 1921 the Crimean Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic was created as part of the Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic. South of Sevastopol is the small Heracles Peninsula. Ukraine has been called "the breadbasket of Russia" for centuries, since the region produced much of the grain needed to feed the country's vast czarist empire. Soviet leader Joseph Stalin may have dealt the Tatars their cruelest blow: By shipping food out of Crimea to central Russia in the 1920s, Stalin starved hundreds of thousands of Tatars. [49], Most of the peninsula receives more than 2,000 sunshine hours per year; it reaches up to 2,505 sunshine hours in Qarabiy yayla in the Crimean Mountains. In Photos: Amazing Ruins of the Ancient World, Video - World War II Underwater Graveyard Discovered. Concerns over this change in political leadership led Russia to annex the Crimea, and to support a rebellion by the eastern Ukraine provinces that . [92], According to the 2014 Russian census, 84% of Crimean inhabitants named Russian as their native language; 7.9% Crimean Tatar; 3.7% Tatar; and 3.3% Ukrainian. Other natural resources include kaolin, sulfur, graphite, salt, timber and arable land. Turkey provided the greatest support to Tatars in Ukraine, which had been unable to resolve the problem of education in their mother tongue in Crimea, by bringing the schools to a modern state.[95][96]. We simply do not know. See the, Crimea Dynamics, challenges and prospects / edited by Maria Drohobycky. . Future US, Inc. Full 7th Floor, 130 West 42nd Street, Ores such as iron, titanium, and non-metallic raw materials are some of the country's major exports, and so are iron ore ($3.36 billion), corn ($4.77 billion), semi-finished iron ($2.55 billion), and seed oils ($3.75 billion), which are exported largely to China ($3.94 billion), Germany ($3.08 billion), and Italy ($2.57 billion), Poland ($2.75 billion), and to Russia ($4.69 billion). The US has always been wary of Russia's authority in Europe and the latter's influence is only going to grow stronger now with Ukraine's invasion, particularly in the Balkans, and if it is able to withstand global sanctions. The southeast coast is flanked at a distance of 812 kilometres (5.07.5mi) from the sea by a parallel range of mountains: the Crimean Mountains. Natural resources may also include animals, birds, fish, and . Caffa: Early Western Expansion in the Late Medieval World, 12611475., These numbers exclude the population numbers for Berdyansky, Dneprovsky and Melitopolsky Uyezds, which were on mainland. In 2021, India imported coal to meet its domestic coal shortage and with the Russian invasion of Ukraine, that supply chain is going to get impacted. Russia's seizure of Crimea in 2014 and much of the rest of Ukraine's Black Sea coast this year means that Moscow now has control over an estimated 80 percent of Ukraine's massive offshore . Industrial plants are situated for the most part in the southern coast (Yevpatoria, Sevastopol, Feodosia, Kerch) regions of the republic, few northern (Armiansk, Krasnoperekopsk, Dzhankoi), aside from the central area, mainly Simferopol okrug and eastern region in Nizhnegorsk (few plants, same for Dzhankoj) city. Several times a week Simferopol is also linked with Volgograd, Sochi, Yekaterinburg, Omsk and even Murmansk by train. June 18, 2020. The south coast remained Greek in culture for almost two thousand years including under Roman successor states, the Byzantine Empire (3411204 CE), the Empire of Trebizond (12041461 CE), and the independent Principality of Theodoro (ended 1475 CE). Using this exclusive economic zone you literally lay claim to huge chunk of the entire Black Sea. UEFA ruled that Crimean clubs could not join the Russian leagues but should instead be part of a Crimean league system. They exercise in extremis administration of the Autonomous Republic of Crimea from Kyiv in the Ministry of Reintegration of Temporarily Occupied Territories. [20] While it was replaced with Krym (Ukrainian: ; Russian: ) in the Soviet Union and has had no official status since 1921, it is still used by some institutions in Crimea, such as the Taurida National University, the Tavriya Simferopol football club, or the Tavrida federal highway. [48] The western parts of the Crimean mountains receive more than 1,000 millimetres (39.4in) of precipitation per year. Protests culminated in Russian forces occupying strategic points in Crimea[31] and the Russian-organized Republic of Crimea declared independence from Ukraine following an illegal and internationally unrecognized referendum supporting reunification. [63] Bark beetles are pests of tree crops, and are themselves hosts for Elattoma mites and various entomopathogenic fungi transmitted by those Elattomae. [112] The 2001 Ukrainian census reports just 2,500 ethnic Germans (0.1% of population) in Crimea. The text proclaims the Republic of Crimea is a democratic, legal state within the Russian Federation and an equal subject of the Russian Federation. Crimea is 95 per cent ethnic Russians and was annexed after the . The Prykerchenska zone holds about 321.2 bcm of gas and 126.8 million. Water is clear and fresh. The article studies the role of energy resources in the annexation of Crimea by the Russian government. The ultimate action-packed science and technology magazine bursting with exciting information about the universe, Subscribe today and save an extra 5% with checkout code 'LOVE5', Engaging articles, amazing illustrations & exclusive interviews, Issues delivered straight to your door or device. This video is about being naked in nature and it's called "nudism" They may be outnumbered, however: While much of western Ukraine favors a greater political, economic and cultural alliance with Western Europe and the United States, the majority of those in eastern Ukraine and Crimea where many residents are ethnic Russians look to Moscow for leadership and support. Ukraine loses half of its natural gas deposits due to occupation of Crimea. * Once a flourishing and wealthy colony of ancient Greeks, a trade hub for Venetians and Genoese, a center of sciences and the arts! But that began to change in 2014: after a popular uprising in Ukraine ousted the country's Kremlin-friendly president, Russia annexed Crimea . It was colonized by the ancient Greeks beginning in the seventh century BCE along with other areas of the northern Black Sea coast. The Tauri gave the name the Tauric Peninsula which Crimea was called into the early modern period. [91] This is down from the 2001 Ukrainian Census figure, which was 2,376,000 (Autonomous Republic of Crimea: 2,033,700, Sevastopol: 342,451). During the years of Soviet rule, the resorts and dachas of this coast served as prime perquisites of the politically loyal. The main agricultural products of Crimea are cereals, vegetables, and wine. Although it accounts for only 0.4% and 0.8% of the Earth's land surface and world's population respectively, the country has approximately 5% of the world's mineral resources. Southeast of Bakhchisarai is the cliff-fort of Chufut-Kale/Qirq Or which was used in more warlike times. To the west Karkinit Bay separates the Tarkhankut Peninsula from the mainland. Yet, these enormous reserves of energy remain largely untapped. Interior: Most of the former capitals of Crimea stood on the north side of the mountains. But it is one of the few nations with a closed-loop production in the titanium industry - from mining and processing of the titanium iron ores to the producer of finished products. Lithium and titanium are some of the precious metals on earth today. Also important are the Kokozka (Kkkz or ), the Indole (Indol or ), the Chorna (orun, Chernaya or ), the Derekoika (Dereky or ),[37] the Karasu-Bashi (Biyuk-Karasu or -) (a tributary of the Salhyr river), the Burulcha () (also a tributary of the Salhyr), the Uchan-su, and the Ulu-Uzen'. A foothold in the country would mean an economic driver, energy security, and a strong and secure strategic position. Crimea was the background for Adam Mickiewicz's seminal work, The Crimean Sonnets inspired by his 1825 travel. Marc has a Master's degree in environmental planning from the University of California, Berkeley, and an undergraduate degree from the University of Texas at Austin. Visa and MasterCard temporarily stopped service in Crimea in December 2014. [115] Notwithstanding the annexation, the Ukrainian Orthodox Church (Moscow Patriarchate) kept control of its eparchies in Crimea.[116]. 2. [81][82] In general they prohibit the sale, supply, transfer, or export of goods and technology in several sectors, including services directly related to tourism and infrastructure. Throughout this time the interior was occupied by a changing cast of steppe nomads. Ukrainian territory occupied by Russia since 2014, May 2015 satellite image of the Crimean Peninsula, "Crimea river" redirects here. [80], Following Russia's largely unrecognized annexation of Crimea, the European Union, the United States, Canada, Australia, Japan, and several other countries (including Ukraine) imposed economic sanctions against Russia, including some specifically targeting Crimea. [48] The frost-free period ranges from 160 to 200 days in the steppe and mountain regions to 240260 days on the south coast. Russia has deployed offensive weapons and systems within striking distance of Ukraine, including main battle tanks, self-propelled howitzers, infantry fighting vehicles, multiple launch rocket systems, Iskander short-range ballistic missile systems, and towed artillery, as highlighted in Figures 1a and 1b. All the strategic positions notwithstanding, to Russia and the West, Ukraine of the future is an untouched, untapped, natural resource hotspot. During the Russian Civil War, Crimea changed hands many times and was where Wrangel's anti-Bolshevik White Army made their last stand. [61], Agriculture in the region includes cereals, vegetable-growing, gardening, and wine-making, particularly in the Yalta and Massandra regions. As of late 2019, known Ukrainian reserves amounted to 1.09 trillion cubic meters of natural gas, second only to Norway's known resources of 1.53 trillion cubic meters. According to the open source data, the Russians have a grouping of about 127,000 strong arrayed against a reported 125,000 Ukrainian troops in the country's eastern regions. [117], Crimean Tatar singer Jamala won the Eurovision Song Contest 2016 representing Ukraine with her song "1944", about the historic deportation of Crimean Tatars in that year by Soviet authorities. Uchan-su, on the south slope of the mountains, is the highest waterfall in Crimea. Picture this, it's sufficient to be stretched around the earth several times. Dnipropetrovsk and the Russian-Ukrainian War (E-International Relations, 2022). Ivan Aivazovsky, the 19th-century marine painter of Armenian origin, who is considered one of the major artists of his era was born in Feodosia and lived there for the most part of his life. The answer lies in Crimea's unique climate, diverse culture, geography and often-troubled history. [42] Lake Syvash (Sva or ) is a system of interconnected shallow lagoons on the north-eastern coast, covering an area of around 2,560km2 (988sqmi). However, Gazprom's Nord Stream II pipeline which goes through the Baltic Sea might have hit a major roadblock with the Russian President Vladimir Putin's invasion of Ukraine. South: In the south, between the Crimean Mountains and the sea runs a narrow coastal strip which was held by the Genoese and (after 1475) by the Turks. The energy picture in Crimea and Ukraine is also tricky: Crimea relies on Ukraine for much of its electricity, and Europe relies on Russia for about 25 percent of its natural gas, according to CNN. Crimea, the role of energy has been neglected entirely or trivialized to the level of the gas dispute between a gas owner, Russia, and the transit actor, Ukraine. Strabo (Geography vii 4.3, xi. In the ongoing international showdown between Russia and Ukraine, the region known as Crimea has emerged as the top prize a position it has held, for better or worse, for millennia. Due to the temporary occupation of Crimea by the Russian Federation, Ukraine has lost the opportunity to exploit the Scythian section of the Black Sea shelf, where gas production was to begin in 2017. Crimean water resources are limited, failing to fully meet the drinking and economic needs of the region. A look at the country's natural resources: Ukraine has the second-biggest known gas reserves in Europe, apart from Russia's gas reserves in Asia, although largely unexploited. The Crimean Premier League is now the top professional football league in Crimea. 2) Economical exploitation is carried out in Crimea. Almost every settlement in Crimea is connected with another settlement by bus lines. At the mouth of the estuary is Ochakiv. Crimea's Deputy Prime Minister hinted at the possibility. Of course, this figure is less impressive than in 2019 when eight million people visited the region, but it is still quite impressive. In May 2015, work began on a multibillion-dollar road-rail link (a pair of parallel bridges) across the Kerch Strait. The autonomous republic was dissolved in 1945, and Crimea became an oblast of the Russian SFSR. Ukraine Natural Hazards: St. Vladimir's Cathedral, dedicated to the Heroes of Sevastopol (Crimean War). Trolleybuses are also operated in Sevastopol and Kerch. Simferopol, Yalta and Alushta also have an urban and suburban trolleybus network. Greeks colonized its southern fringe and were absorbed by the Roman and Byzantine Empires and successor states while remaining culturally Greek. Mangup/Doros (Gothic, Theodoro). Among the many natural resources can be identified the main minerals of Crimea in short: Fossils of sedimentary origin; Fossils of volcanic origin; Fossils of marine origin. Russia's contention with the West. In many ways, Russia is land-locked and Putin needs Ukraine for military and commercial shipping reasons. [114], Following the 2014 Russian annexation of Crimea, 38 out of the 46 Ukrainian Orthodox Church Kyiv Patriarchate parishes in Crimea ceased to exist; in three cases, churches were seized by the Russian authorities. That's why any instability in the region is bound to send shock waves through international energy markets: Crude-oil prices jumped by $2.33 a barrel on Monday (March 3), due in large part to jitters over the Russian aggression in Crimea, according to the Associated Press. In 2019, Russia and Ukraine inked a transit agreement that allows easy transfer of Siberian gas to the EU through Ukraine's huge gas transportation system, regardless of unilateral sanctions by the US. By Alexander_Kudrin. Also Read:Russia attacks Ukraine: Is this World War III? Follow Marc Lallanilla on Twitter and Google+. arable land: 7.3% (2018 est.) On the north side of the peninsula is Chernomorskoe/Kalos Limen. However, ironically enough, Ukraine depends on gas imports and it is primarily because the USSR began extracting gas on a large scale in Siberia in the 1970s. The natural vegetation consists of scrublands, woodlands, and forests, with a climate and vegetation similar to the Mediterranean Basin. Towns on the northern steppe area are all modern, notably Dzhankoi, a major road- and rail-junction. [7], The vine mealybug (Planococcus ficus) was first discovered here in 1868. At the beginning of the 20th century, a major development of palaces, villas, and dachas beganmost of which remain. Rivers: The longest is the Salhyr, which rises southeast of Simferopol and flows north and northeast to the Sea of Azov. The coast then runs south to Sevastopol/Chersonesus, a good natural harbor, great naval base and the largest city on the peninsula. "The Crimea! Second, it's about natural resources. Race between Russia and the West for Ukrainian resources. Much of the natural border between the Crimean Peninsula and the Ukrainian mainland comprises the Sivash or "Rotten Sea", a large system of shallow lagoons stretching along the western shore of the Sea of Azov. The GenoeseMongol Wars were fought between the 13th and 15th centuries for control of south Crimea.[22]. Lithium fields in Ukraine are concentrated in Zaporizhzhia oblast (Kruta Balka area), Donetsk (Shevchenkivske field), and Kirovohrad (Polokhivske field, Dobra area). [79] After the breaking up of the Young Pioneers in 1991 its prestige declined, though it remained a popular vacation destination. Crimea is a peninsula that protrudes straight into the Black Sea. An invasion force would be expected to be at least three times current levels. ", "Russia-Ukraine Update: Crimea Attracts More Than 4 Million Tourists Despite Annexation", "What is the Crimea, and why does it matter? A series of 18 sonnets constitute an artistic telling of a journey to and through the Crimea, they feature romantic descriptions of the oriental nature and culture of the East which show the despair of an exile longing for the homeland, driven from his home by a violent enemy. The country's geostrategic position has rendered it susceptible to the ongoing larger conflict between Russia and the West. The cities of Yalta, Feodosia, Kerch, Sevastopol, Chornomorske and Yevpatoria are connected to one another by sea routes. Further southwest is Tyras/Akkerman/Bilhorod-Dnistrovskyi. Under Russian rule it became a kind of riviera. Economic development is slowing down. Troop movements are also being conflated. under the crescent flag of Islam, began to be a place where Christians were persecuted. Historically, possession of the southern coast of Crimea was sought after by most empires of the greater region since antiquity (Roman, Byzantine, Ottoman, Russian, British and French, Nazi German, Soviet). Crimea is connected to Kherson (Ukrainian region) on the south by the 5-7 kilometers wide Isthmus of Perekop and separated from Russia . Ukraine has extremely rich and complementary mineral resources in high concentrations and close proximity to each other. The Krymchaks (but not the Karaites) were targeted for annihilation during Nazi occupation. [24], From 1853 to 1856, the strategic position of the peninsula in controlling the Black Sea meant that it was the site of the principal engagements of the Crimean War, where Russia lost to a French-led alliance.[25]. [65][66], Crimea also possesses several natural gas fields both onshore and offshore, which were starting to be drilled by western oil and gas companies before annexation. [48] In January mean temperatures range from 3C (26.6F) in Armiansk to 4.4C (39.9F) in Myskhor. Russia is opposed to NATO (North Atlantic Treaty Organisation) in its backyard, a position which is non-negotiable. Germany is also a big consumer of Russia's natural gas. Local trains belong to the Yuzhnaya Prigorodnaya Passazhirskaya Kompaniya (Southern Suburban Passenger Company), serving the entire network of the peninsula and via the Crimean Bridge three trains daily to Anapa. For obvious reasons, the Crimean Tatars take a dim view of renewed Russian incursions into their homeland, and are likely to put up some resistance. Long-distance trains provided connection to every major Ukrainian cities, but also to many towns of Russia, Belarus and until the end of the 2000es even to Vilnius, Riga, Warsaw and Berlin. [48], Mean annual temperatures range from 10C (50.0F) in the far north (Armiansk) to 13C (55.4F) in the far south (Yalta). Copyright2023 Living Media India Limited. But propaganda aside, perhaps the answer is more simple: oil and gas. Russian President Vladimir Putin believes that eastern Ukraine, which (like Crimea) is home to many Russians, belongs to Russia and he wants to take it back. natural resource. Grain exports are the mainstay of Ukraine's economy. Ukraine's economy, resources and the clash to lay claim to the country's bountiful rare earth elements are also the motives to influence its political leanings - Russia or Europe? After the Russian annexation of Crimea in early 2014 and subsequent sanctions targeting Crimea, the tourist industry suffered major losses for two years. [41] The general trend is for the former lakes to become salt pans. [48] However, most of Crimea (88.5%) receives 300 to 500 millimetres (11.8 to 19.7in) of precipitation per year. [49] Winters are mild at lower altitudes (in the foothills) and colder at higher altitudes. Nature & Parks in Crimea. As it happens, Crimea's oil and gas resources could be significant. [48] The northern parts of Crimea have a moderate continental climate with short but cold winters and moderately hot dry summers. The primary source of hydrocarbons in Ukraine is natural gas, though the most lucrative gas reserves are located below 5,000 meters. By annexing Ukrainian land on the Black Sea coast, Putin also annexes the rights to any hydrocarbons found in its maritime zones. Journey by a mountainous part of Crimea", "Dam leaves Crimea population in chronic water shortage", "In Crimea has receded one of the largest reservoirs", North Crimean Canal. The Arabat Spit, located to the northeast, is a narrow strip of land that separates the Sivash lagoons from the Sea of Azov. Hello dear TA members, Golytsin trail ( path) is 4.5 km nature walk along the shoreline of the black sea in Novy Svet. 16.02.2021 12:24. In order to feed the energy-hungry Europe, Russia set up the Nord Stream II gas pipeline to transport natural gas which would be cost-effective, reliable, and sustainable. The North Crimean Canal now crosses it to bring water from the Dnieper. most of Ukraine consists of fertile plains (steppes) and plateaus, mountains being found only in the west (the Carpathians), and in the Crimean Peninsula in the extreme south Natural Resources: iron ore, coal, manganese, natural gas, oil, salt, sulfur, graphite, titanium, magnesium, kaolin, nickel, mercury, timber, arable land Natural Hazards: NA ), NPO Saturn with Perm PMZ; either GTD-110M modified or GTE-160 or 180 units or UTZ KTZ or a V94.2 bought by MAPNA, modified in Russian plants for PGU Thermal plants specifics. Common examples of natural resources include air, sunlight, water, soil, stone, plants, animals and fossil fuels. Crimea (called the Tauric Peninsula until the early modern period) has historically been at the boundary between the classical world and the steppe. In the 1440s the Crimean Khanate formed out of the collapse of the horde[23] but quite rapidly itself became subject to the Ottoman Empire, which also conquered the coastal areas which had kept independent of the Khanate. [53], According to the International Transport Workers' Federation, as of 2013[update] there were at least 12 operating merchant seaports in Crimea. And Crimea which rests about 200 miles (322 km) northwest of Sochi, Russia enjoys the same mild, year-round climate as the site of the 2014 Winter Olympics. For example, the number of jobs since the start of the occupation fell down by 25%. Ukraine's major resources Russian-controlled areas since Feb. 24 Russia-annexed (Crimea) or separatist-controlled (Donbas) areas since 2014 Coal Metals 100 MILES Crimea Crimea Natural gas. ", "Crimea Annexation 'Robbery on International Scale', " ", " ::", "Tourist Season A Washout in Annexed Crimea", " , 2014 ", " , 2016 ", "Autonomous Republic of Crimea Information card", "Russia to cover Crimea's $1.5 billion budget deficit with state funds- TV", "Vineyard managers and researchers seek sustainable solutions for mealybugs, a changing pest complex", UC Agriculture and Natural Resources (UC ANR), International Association for the Plant Protection Sciences, "Ukraine's Black Sea gas ambitions seen at risk over Crimea", "East European Gas Analysis Ukrainian Gas Pipelines", "Investment portal of the Autonomous Republic of Crimea investments in Crimea "Chernomorneftegaz" presented a program of development till 2015", "Crimea goes dark after Russian shutdown leaves the peninsula without power", "Putin orders military exercise as protesters clash in Crimea", "The longest trolleybus line in the world!