Named in honor of the space shuttle which broke-up on re-entry, the Columbia supercomputer is an important part of NASA's return to manned spaceflight after the 2003 disaster. The Consumer Electronics Hall of Fame: Zojirushi Micom Electric Rice Called a complex instruction set computer, VAX systems were backward compatible and so preserved the investment owners of previous DEC computers had in software. Based on the Intel 8008 microprocessor, the Micral is one of the earliest commercial, non-kit personal computers. If a social studies teacher wanted to poll students anonymously about their opinions on a local issue, what tool might she use to gather their data? Linux, NetWare, UNIX, Windows. One biblical scholar even used a Univac 1 to compile a concordance to the King James version of the Bible. The Apple Newton Personal Digital Assistant. System/360 is a major event in the history of computing. Until the year 2000, it was the world's fastest supercomputer, able to achieve peak performance of 1.3 teraflops, (about 1.3 trillion calculations per second). The PowerBook 170 was the high-end model, featuring an active matrix display, faster processor, as well as a floating point unit. Enterprise resource planning systems cannot be used for managing daily operations. Bill Gates and Paul Allen licensed their BASIC programming language interpreter to MITS as the main language for the Altair. Which of the following is one strategy often used in online courses to ensure academic integrity? Of the dozens of different SWTP kits available, the 6800 proved the most popular. Each Cray-1 took a full year to assemble and test and cost about $10 million. An inspiring summer school on computing at the University of Pennsylvanias Moore School of Electrical Engineering stimulates construction of stored-program computers at universities and research institutions in the US, France, the UK, and Germany. At the same press conference, IBM also announced 40 completely new peripherals for the new family. Because of its electronic, as opposed to electromechanical, technology, it is over 1,000 times faster than any previous computer. The chip quickly became popular with designers of early personal computers like the Apple II and Commodore PET, as well as game consoles like the Nintendo Entertainment System. The Air incorporated many of the technologies that had been associated with Apple's MacBook line of laptops, including integrated camera, and Wi-Fi capabilities. answer choices True Fasle Question 3 30 seconds Q. Chapter 1 Flashcards | Quizlet Title card- BBCs The Computer Programme. The 701 introduction also marked the beginning of IBMs entry into the large-scale computer market, a market it came to dominate in later decades. Once finally completed, it achieved a computational speed of 200 million instructions per second and 1 billion bits per second of I/O transfer via a unique combination of its parallel architecture and the overlapping or "pipelining" structure of its 64 processing elements. The PET was popular with schools and for use as a home computer. The original design included two memory boards and could generate and store 512 characters as 16 lines of 32 characters. After the success of the PET, Commodore remained a major player in the personal computer market into the 1990s. Produce results (output) 4. Though it used a proprietary operating system, RISC OS, the RISC PC could run PC-compatible software using the Acorn PC Card. Tailored for online transaction processing, the Tandem-16 is one of the first commercial fault-tolerant computers. Onyx Systems began selling early microcomputer-based Unix workstations in 1980. data. 1945: Memex Accept data (input) 2. Japan's SoftBank introduces the first camera phone, the J-Phone J-SH04; a Sharp-manufactured digital phone with integrated camera. Using dual PowerPC 603 CPUs, and featuring a large variety of peripheral ports, the first devices were used for software development. The US Army asked Bell Laboratories to design a machine to assist in testing its M-9 gun director, a type of analog computer that aims large guns to their targets. The first microcomputer was the Intel 4004, introduced in 1971. [3] IBM SSEC, became operational in January 1948 but was electromechanical [22] VisiCalc was released in 1979 and quickly became a must-have tool for business users. Developed for Busicom, a Japanese calculator maker, the 4004 had 2250 transistors and could perform up to 90,000 operations per second in four-bit chunks. Subject. That same year in Germany, engineer Konrad Zuse built his Z2 computer, also using telephone company relays. B. It was based on a graphical user interface using windows, icons, and a mouse, and worked together with other Altos over a local area network. Designed by engineer Gardner Hendrie for Computer Control Corporation (CCC), the DDP-116 is announced at the 1965 Spring Joint Computer Conference. What kind of software tool are Notebook and ActivInspire examples of? History of computing hardware (1960s-present) - Wikipedia Powerful microcomputers developed for use by commercial, educational and government enterprises are called ____. In some places, lower populations of ELL students may result in distorted data analysis. Ed de Castro, its main designer and co-founder of Data General, had earlier led the team that created the DEC PDP-8. While Sun workstations didn't utilize commodity PC hardware like Linux was later developed for, it represented the . Despite using 98,304 PowerPC chips, Sequoia's relatively low power usage made it unusually efficient. Most historians believe that the use of Colossus machines significantly shortened the war by providing evidence of enemy intentions and beliefs. Lenovo became the largest manufacturer of PCs in the world with the acquisition, later also acquiring IBM's server line of computers. assist teachers in preparing student IEPs. Rather than testing components like the SEAC, the SWAC was built using already-developed technology. Almost a million units were ordered on the day of release. a. Mac OS b. DOS (Disk Operating System) c. desktop operating system d. Linux 0 points QUESTION 2 1. With a distinctive anodized aluminum case, and hailed as the first true 64-bit personal computer, the Apple G5 is the most powerful Macintosh ever released to that point. A year later, it steered Apollo 11 to the lunar surface. Scientific and defense applications included studies of human electrophysiology, nuclear weapon simulation, human genome mapping, and global climate change. The first stored-program computer to be built in continental Europe was the MESM, completed in the Soviet Union in 1950. Wi-Fi Started by a group of engineers that left Digital Equipment Corporation (DEC), Data General designs the Nova minicomputer. Johnniac was used for scientific and engineering calculations. Built by IBM using their Blue Gene/Q supercomputer architecture, the Sequoia system is the world's fastest supercomputer in 2012. The TV Typewriter was used by many small television stations well in the 1990s. System control was provided through the Atlas Supervisor, which some consider to be the first true operating system. Because of its speed, small size, and reasonable cost, the PDP-8 was sold by the thousands to manufacturing plants, small businesses, and scientific laboratories around the world. The machines system of connections and switches let processors broadcast information and requests for help to other processors in a simulation of brain-like associative recall. The replica is currently on display at the Computer History Museum. Which software tool would be helpful for preparing a newsletter? Instead of simply copying the basic input output system (BIOS) of the Apple II as Franklin Computer had done, they reversed engineered the system and sold it for US $479, a much lower price than the comparable Apple II. Compaq licensed the MS-DOS operating system from Microsoft and legally reverse-engineered IBMs BIOS software. Built in Sydney, Australia by the Council of Scientific and Industrial Research for use in its Radio physics Laboratory in Sydney, CSIRAC was designed by British-born Trevor Pearcey, and used unusual 12-hole paper tape. 0.5 out of 0.5 points. any combo of hardware or software designed to provide services to us. This was the first program in history to run on a digital, electronic, stored-program computer. In October 2013, the one millionth Raspberry Pi was shipped. Daniel Hillis of Thinking Machines Corporation moves artificial intelligence a step forward when he develops the controversial concept of massive parallelism in the Connection Machine CM-1. Truong, founder and president of the French company R2E, created the Micral as a replacement for minicomputers in situations that did not require high performance, such as process control and highway toll collection. Apple makes a splash with its Bondi Blue iMac, which sells for about $1,300. Their first product, the HP 200A Audio Oscillator, rapidly became a popular piece of test equipment for engineers. Since the release of the Macintosh in 1984, Apple has placed emphasis on high-resolution graphics and display technologies. Which software was the first available for microcomputers? The Canadian Chalk River Nuclear Lab needed a special device to monitor a reactor. The design packed 800 vacuum tubes into a relatively compact 12 square feet. The Commodore 64 was one of the most popular microcomputers of its era, and is the best-selling model of home computers of all time. The PROMs What made the Sacramento State computer both so unique--and so expensive--was the programmable read-only memory on its motherboard. Under the leadership of MIT's Gordon Brown and Jay Forrester, the team first built a small analog simulator, but found it inaccurate and inflexible. The first offering to the public required the buyer to purchase one to be given to a child in the developing world as a condition of acquiring a machine for themselves. In 1973, after selling only 40 machines, Kenbak Corporation closed its doors. Plans for the Mark-8 cost $5 and the blank circuit boards were available for $50. MADDIDA (Magnetic Drum Digital Differential Analyzer) prototype. Ross contended that a Flexowriter -- an electrically-controlled typewriter -- connected to an MIT computer could function as a keyboard input device due to its low cost and flexibility. All these previous chips set the stage for the first PC processors. 2. The Paragon at Caltech was named the fastest supercomputer in the world in 1992. Solved Until recently, good microcomputer software for - Chegg The PC Jr. is marketed as a home computer but is too expensive and limited in performance to compete with many of the other machines in that market. It was sold exclusively in Japan, but could process alphabetic and Japanese kana characters. mainframe computer. Joe Thompson at Whirlwind console, ca. Which of the following is an online course characteristic that supports success? Although manufactured by Remington Rand, the machine was often mistakenly referred to as the IBM Univac." Colligan, Dubinsky, Hawkins (left to right). Led by curator Doron Swade the team built Babbages machine in six years, using techniques that would have been available to Babbage at the time, proving that Babbages design was accurate and that it could have been built in his day. The Watch was received with great enthusiasm, but critics took issue with the somewhat limited battery life and high price. Microcomputer was formerly a commonly used term for personal computers, particularly any of a class of small digital computers whose CPU is contained on a single integrated semiconductor chip. Sales were weaker than projected, despite being widely praised by the press for its active matrix display, removable trackball, and high performance. Motes are also known as smart dust, since the intention is that their tiny size and low cost make them inexpensive enough to sprinkle in the real world to as sensors. David Packard and Bill Hewlett found their company in a Palo Alto, California garage. Intel and Zilog introduced new microprocessors. At a cost to computer makers of roughly $700, the ASR-33 Teletype is originally designed as a low cost terminal for the Western Union communications network. While many early digital computers were based on similar designs, such as the IAS and its copies, others are unique designs, like the CSIRAC. The University of Michigan Micro Mote (M3) is the smallest computer in the world at the time of its completion. Approximately 90 percent of PCs run some version of Windows. The Model 650 was also highly popular in universities, where a generation of students first learned programming. Their first program, consisting of seventeen instructions and written by Kilburn, ran on June 21st, 1948. Twitter is an example of which web-based collaboration resource? The machine had a fifty-foot long camshaft running the length of machine that synchronized the machines thousands of component parts and used 3,500 relays. Store the results for future use Hardware the electronical and mechanical equipment that makes up a computer. The Roadrunner is the first computer to reach a sustained performance of 1 petaflop (one thousand trillion floating point operations per second). Definition. System/360 was aimed at both business and scientific customers and all models could run the same software, largely without modification. Which of the following is not a significant challenge in regard to assessing students who are English language learners (ELLs)? Tracks on the drum did the mathematical integration. Definition. (C) The Regent Corporation's microcomputer can be used in conjunction with higher-priced microcomputers manufactured by other companies. The LINC was later commercialized by DEC and sold as the LINC-8. Working under Tom Kilburn at Englands Manchester University, Richard Grimsdale and Douglas Webb demonstrate a prototype transistorized computer, the "Manchester TC", on November 16, 1953. What set the 486 apart was its optimized instruction set, with an on-chip unified instruction and data cache and an optional on-chip floating-point unit. most important part of computer. Spectra systems were marketed on the basis of their compatibility with the IBM System/360 series of computer since it implemented the IBM 360 instruction set and could run most IBM software with little or no modification. Selling for $1,750, the Micral never penetrated the U.S. market. He is the creator of the first consumer flight simulator software. The first microcomputers (images) - CNET What do sites such as edshelf, Learning List, What Works Clearinghouse, EdSurge Product Index, and Common Sense Education help teachers with? What software is useful to illustrate a numerical concept such as the difference between electoral votes and popular votes? Lisa is the first commercial personal computer with a graphical user interface (GUI). Designed by Sunnyvale, California native Steve Wozniak, and marketed by his friend Steve Jobs, the Apple-1 is a single-board computer for hobbyists. [1] Raspberry Pi, a popular modern-class microcomputer A microcomputer is a small, relatively inexpensive computer having a central processing unit (CPU) made out of a microprocessor. The LINC is an early and important example of a personal computer, that is, a computer designed for only one user. Built as an electro-mechanical means of decrypting Nazi ENIGMA-based military communications during World War II, the British Bombe is conceived of by computer pioneer Alan Turing and Harold Keen of the British Tabulating Machine Company. Franklin was able to undercut Apple's pricing even while offering some features not available on the original. The first large commercial computers to use integrated circuits, RCA highlights the IC's advantage over IBMs custom SLT modules. After the war, Herzstarks Curta made history as the smallest all-mechanical, four-function calculator ever built. It was built in Washington DC as a test-bed for evaluating components and systems as well as for setting computer standards. Online retailer Amazon released the Kindle, one of the first to gain a large following among consumers. Customers got a machine with a 233-MHz G3 processor, 4GB hard drive, 32MB of RAM, a CD-ROM drive, and a 15" monitor. An experiment conducted five months later on the MIT Whirlwind computer confirmed how useful and convenient a keyboard input device could be. Apple launches the iPhone - a combination of web browser, music player and cell phone - which could download new functionality in the form of "apps" (applications) from the online Apple store. 40,000 were sold, including 10 to NASA for use on the Apollo space project. It used a MOS Technologies 6502 microprocessor running at 1 MHz. The first large-scale computer communications network, SAGE connects 23 hardened computer sites in the US and Canada. It is recognized by the 2006 Guinness Book of World Records as the greatest selling single computer of all time. The first IBM system to include Intels 80386 chip, the company ships more than 1 million units by the end of the first year. It was transferred to the Department of Physics at the University of Melbourne in 1955 and remained in service until 1964. The Manchester Mark I used more than 1,300 vacuum tubes and occupied an area the size of a medium room. Shareware is a software program that is given away by the author for others to use free of charge. Designed by John V. Blankenbaker using standard medium-- and small-scale integrated circuits, the Kenbak-1 relied on switches for input and lights for output from its 256-byte memory. The camera had a maximum resolution of 0.11 megapixels a 256-color display, and photos could be shared wirelessly. In 1984, Michael Dell creates PC's Limited while still a student of the University of Texas at Austin. Definition. The success of the Portable inspired many other early IBM-compatible computers. Throughout the 1960s and 70s, the ASR-33 was a popular and inexpensive choice of input and output device for minicomputers and many of the first generation of microcomputers. OS/2 was the first advanced GUI operating system for Intel-based microcomputers, and has been around for a few years. Built by a team led by engineers Frederick Williams and Tom Kilburn, the Mark I serves as the prototype for Ferrantis first computer the Ferranti Mark 1. Programmer Arthur Samuels used the 701 to write the first computer program designed to play checkers. In 1940, Stibitz demonstrated the CNC at an American Mathematical Society conference held at Dartmouth College. Bruce Artwick - Wikipedia After successfully demonstrating a proof-of-concept prototype in 1939, Professor John Vincent Atanasoff receives funds to build a full-scale machine at Iowa State College (now University). Created almost five years after the original Apple II, Franklin's Ace 1000 main logic board is nearly identical to that in the Apple II+ computer, and other models were later cloned as well. PDF DOCUMENT RESUME - ed CS 130.132 - Microcomputer Software Foremost among its developments was Forresters perfection of magnetic core memory, which became the dominant form of high-speed random access memory for computers until the mid-1970s. He founded Sublogic after graduating from the University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign in 1977, and released the first version of Flight Simulator for the Apple II in 1979. It was also one of the first computers to use all-diode logic, a technology more reliable than vacuum tubes. The Invention of the PC These innovations made it cheaper and easier to. DEC is founded initially to make electronic modules for test, measurement, prototyping and control markets. Quizlet is the only app you need to study and learn. Each credit card-sized Arduino board consisted of an inexpensive microcontroller and signal connectors which made Arduinos ideal for use in any application connecting to or monitoring the outside world. It could also share files and print out documents on an advanced Xerox laser printer. A. Paragon systems were used in many scientific areas, including atmospheric and oceanic flow studies, and energy research. Millions of Apple IIs were sold between 1977 and 1993, making it one of the longest-lived lines of personal computers. In October 1961, the Navy tested the NTDS on the USS Oriskany carrier and the USS King and USS Mahan frigates.
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